北小实外秋季常见传染病预防指南 Prevention of common infectious diseases

      相信这几天的凉爽天气，已经让很多人感受到了“秋天来了，冬天不远了”这个讯息。"Autumn is coming, winter is not far away."可是在享受秋季凉爽好天气的同时，又有一大波传染病准备伺机而动了。

      While we're enjoying the cool fall weather, there's another wave of infections are waiting for us.

      Children's immune function is not yet fully mature, vulnerable to various pathogens, let them know in advance of these commonautumn infectious diseases, can better prevent and respond.

      常见呼吸道传染性疾病：Common respiratory infectiousdiseases

      1、一般包括：流行性感冒、水痘、流行性腮腺炎、流行性脑膜炎、风疹、肺结核、猩红热等。Generally includes: influenza, varicella, mumps, meningitis, rubella, tuberculosis, scarlet fever and so on.

      2、预防与调控：呼吸道传染病通过呼吸道传播，是“吸进去”的传染病。细菌或者病毒可直接通过呼吸道进入我们人体后发病，所以我们需要保持室内常通风换气，保持空气清新；讲究个人卫生，个人卫生用品切勿混用，不随地吐痰；不在人口密集、空气污染的场所逗留；多喝热水、多吃蔬果、加强锻炼，增强免疫力；生活有规律，保持充足的睡眠，增强抵抗力；气候多变，适时增减衣服；合理饮食，避免呼吸道刺激；若发现身体不适，及时就医；按照国家规定接种相应疫苗。

      Prevention and control: respiratory infectious diseases spread through the respiratory tract, is the "inhalation" of infectious diseases. Bacteria or viruses can directlyenter our body through the respiratory tract after the disease, so we need tokeep the room often ventilation, keep the air fresh; Pay attention to personal hygiene, personal hygiene products do not mix, do not spit; Stay away fromplaces with dense population and air pollution; Drink more hot water, eat morefruits and vegetables, strengthen exercise, enhance immunity; Live a regularlife, maintain adequate sleep, enhance resistance; Changing climate, timelyincrease and decrease clothing; Reasonable diet, avoid respiratory irritation;If you feel unwell, seek medical advice in time. Vaccinate accordingly according to national regulation.

      常见肠道传染性疾病：Common intestinal infectiousdiseases

      1、一般包括：细菌性痢疾、手足口病、伤寒、霍乱、感染性腹泻等。Generally includes: bacillary dysentery,hand, foot and mouth disease, typhoid, cholera, infectious diarrhea and so on.

      2、预防与调控：肠道性传染病经水、食物、接触及昆虫等媒介传播，是“吃进去”的传染病。通常是由于细菌污染了我们的手、饮用水、餐具或者食物等未经过恰当的处理，进食后发病，所以我们需要注意饮水、饮食等卫生，不喝生水、不吃生冷食物、不吃腐烂变质的食物；讲究个人卫生，养成饭前便后洗手的良好习惯；勤剪指甲、勤换衣服；注意劳逸结合，生活有规律，加强体育锻炼，增强对疾病的抵抗力；接受相应的预防接种。

      Prevention and control: intestinal infectious diseases spread by water, food, contact; insects and other media are"eating" infectious diseases. Usually, bacteria contaminate ourhands, drinking water, tableware or food without proper treatment, so we needto pay attention to the health of drinking water, food and other hygiene, donot drink raw water, do not eat raw and cold food, do not eat rotten and badfood; Pay attention to personal hygiene, develop a good habit of washing handsbefore meals and after the toilet; Frequent clipping nails, change clothes; Payattention to the combination of work and rest, regular life, strengthen physical exercise, strengthen the resistance to disease; Receive appropriatev accinations.

      其他传染性疾病：Other infectious diseases

      1、一般包括：急性充血性结膜炎等Generally includes: acute congestive conjunctivitis and so on

      2、预防与调控：这类传染性疾病主要通过水或者直接接触传染。通常是通过患者的眼、手、使用后的物品等传播，所以我们需要注意个人用眼卫生，养成勤洗手、不揉眼、分巾、分盆等卫生习惯；勤剪指甲；注意劳逸结合，避免用眼疲劳。

      Prevention and control: these infectious diseases are mainly transmitted through water or direct contact. It is usuallyspread through the patient's eyes, hands, after use items, etc., so we need topay attention to personal eye hygiene, develop frequent hand washing, do notrub the eyes, towel, basin and other hygiene habits; Cut your nails; Payattention to the combination of work and rest to avoid eye strain.